Both short-term and long-range objectives are created and achieved with organizational management. Starting with a plan, organization helps with its execution, and effective leadership is essential to the process. Finally, resource control is needed to ensure success.

Officially known as the Italian Republic, the country is found in southern Europe. The official language is Italian and the cultural rich capital is Rome. Many of the world's oldest universities are located in Italy, in particular the University of Bologna (founded in 1088). There are three Superior Graduate Schools with "university status", three institutes with the status of Doctoral Colleges, which function at graduate and post-graduate level.

Online summer courses are offered by the overwhelming majority of post-secondary institutions. Online learning allows students to take courses from virtually anywhere in the world. Students looking for a nontraditional classroom experience should consider taking online summer courses.