Due to the numerous countries within Oceania, work occasions and work permit laws differ greatly, with data on opportunities in some nations being limited. Australia and New Zealand are the most advanced countries in the area.

An associate degree is an undergraduate degree offered in the US and a few other countries. Associate degrees are a qualification below a bachelor's degree. Many students earn associate degrees during their first few years of higher education. Since they usually require about two years of study, these degrees can act either as job qualifications or as precursors to more advanced degrees.